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Real Estate Terms

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AThere are 942 entries in the glossary.Pages: «1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 » Risk Assessment (PHA)Assessment The identification and analysis of relevant external and internal risks to achievement of established objectives, forming a basis for determining how risks should be managed. (JFMIP Framework) HUDCAPS Core Financial System Standard Accounting Interface, dated 9/30/97 Rollover mortgageA loan having a call date earlier than the full amortization period. Run with the landWhen easements or restrictions do not expire when ownership in transferred. Rural Development (RD)Formerly the Farmers Home Administration, RD is part of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. It administers grant and loan programs to promote and support housing and essential community facilities development in r ural communities. Rural Housing ServiceAn agency within the Department of Agriculture, which operates principally under the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1921 and Title V of the Housing Act of 1949. This agency provides financing to farmers and other qualified borrowers buying property in rural areas who are unable to obtain loans elsewhere. Funds are borrowed from the U.S. Treasury. Sale costThe brokerage commissions and fees, and any additional transaction costs that are incurred during the sale of the property. Sale priceThe total amount paid to the seller at time of sale. Sale proceeds after taxThe sale proceeds before tax minus the tax liability on the sale. Sale proceeds before taxThe sale price minus the sale costs and the mortgage loan balance. Sale-LeasebackA technique in which a seller deeds property to a buyer for a consideration, and the buyer simultaneously leases the property back to the seller. Sales agreementSee Agreement of sale. Sales comparison approachA way to determine market value by comparing a subject property to properties with the same or similar characteristics. Savings and LoansAmong the customers of Savings and Loans (S&Ls;) are individual savers and residential and commercial property mortgage borrowers. Their traditional role for savings and loans is to accept deposits and make mortgage loans, but it has expanded recently to a focus on one- to four-family residential mortgages, multifamily mortgages and commercial mortgages. These institutions are growing bigger, and the lines between S&Ls; and commercial banks are not as defined as in the past. Deposit insurance is provided through the Savings Association Insurance Fund, a subsidiary of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Second MortgageA mortgage that has a lien position subordinate to the first mortgage. Secondary financingSee Junior mortgages. Secondary Mortgage MarketThe buying and selling of existing mortgages. SectionA unit of land measure. One mile square containing 640 acres. Section 202Loans for the construction or rehabilitation of housing for the Elderly and Handicapped, authorized by the Housing Act of 1950. Section 8Housing Assistance Payments Program, authorized by the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974. Secured LoanA loan that is backed by collateral. SecurityThe property that will be pledged as collateral for a loan. Seller Take-BackAn agreement in which the owner of a property provides financing, often in combination with an assumable mortgage.(see also "Owner Financing") Semi-detached houseA house that is attached to another property, such as a duplex or townhouse. Senior mortgageA mortgage, usually a first mortgage, having priority over another. Septic tankAn underground tank used for sewage treatment where city sewerage is not available. ServicerAn organization that collects principal and interest payments from borrowers and manages borrowers' escrow accounts. The servicer often services mortgages that have been purchased by an investor in the secondary mortgage market. ServicingThe collection of mortgage payments from borrowers and related responsibilities of a loan servicer. SetbackA distance from the curb to the building. Often a minimum setback is specified by ordinance or code.. SettlementThe final step before you get the keys to your home is a formal meeting called the closing. It is at this meeting in which ownership of the home is transferred from the seller to the buyer. Also called a settlement in some parts of the country, the meeting is typically attended by the buyer(s), the seller(s), their attorneys if they have them, both real estate sales professionals, a representative of the lender, and the closing agent. The purpose is to make sure the property is physically and legally ready to be transferred to you. Several closing costs will be paid at this meeting. These expenses are over and above the price of the property and are incurred when ownership of a property is transferred. Closing costs generally include a loan origination fee, an attorney's fee, taxes, an amount placed in escrow, and charges for obtaining title insurance, and a survey. Closing costs vary according to the area of the country. Settlement attorneyA lawyer who organizes the closing on a house sale, by preparing necessary papers, paying fees, and conducting the settlement meeting between seller and buyer. Settlement costsSee closing costs. Settlement SheetThe HUD-1 Settlement Statement itemizes the amounts to be paid by the buyer and the seller at closing. The (blank) form is published by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).Items on the statement include:

Real estate commissions

Loan fees

Points

Escrow amounts

The form is filled out by your closing agent and must be signed by the buyer and the seller. The buyer should be allowed to review the HUD-1 Settlement Statement on the business day before the closing meeting to know the closing costs in advance.The HUD-1 Settlement Statement is also known as the "closing statement" or "settlement sheet." Shared Appreciation Mortgage (SAM)A mortgage loan agreement in which the lender shares in the appreciation of the real property. Simple interestInterest charged only on the outstanding principal. Single-Family PropertiesOne- to four-unit properties including detached homes, townhomes, condominiums, and cooperatives. Single-Room Occupancy (SRO)The Section 221(d) program provides mortgage insurance for multifamily properties consisting of single-room occupancy (SRO) apartments. These apartments are intended for people--usually a single person--who have a source of income but are priced out of the rental apartment market. HUD Web site @ www.hud.gov:80/progdesc/221d--df.html SiteA plot of ground upon which anything is, has been, or will be located. Site Appraisal and Market Analysis (SAMACertain processing procedures required for commitment of FHA mortgage insurance on most Multifamily projects and large subdivisions. SitusLocation. Small Business Administration (SBA)The SBA offers a wide variety of assistance to small and small disadvantaged businesses. HUD contracting offices work closely with the SBA in seeking small business suppliers. Local SBA offices frequently can direct firms to agencies that purchase the products they offer. The SBA can also provide names and addresses of prospective military and civilian agency customers. Information about the SBA's programs and services are available for the internet at: SBA Web site at www.sba.gov Special AssessmentsA special tax imposed on property, individual lots or all property in the immediate area, for road construction, sidewalks, sewers, street lights, etc. Special Deposit AccountAn account that is established for rehabilitation mortgages to hold the funds needed for the rehabilitation work so they can be disbursed from time to time as particular portions of the work are completed. Special lienA lien that binds a specified piece of property, unlike a general lien, which is levied against all one's assets. It creates a right to retain something of value belonging to another person as compensation for labor, material, or money expended in that person's behalf. In some localities it is called "particular" lien or "specific" lien. (See lien.) Special warranty deedA deed in which the grantor conveys title to the grantee and agrees to protect the grantee against title defects or claims asserted by the grantor and those persons whose right to assert a claim against the title arose during the period the grantor held title to the property. In a special warranty deed the grantor guarantees to the grantee that he has done nothing during the time he held title to the property which has, or which might in the future, impair the grantee's title. SpecificationsA detailed description of the size, shape, materials, and other details of a building or remodeling project. Spot zoningZoning that sets aside certain areas for purposes different from the general area requirements. Standard Payment CalculationThe method used to determine the monthly payment required to repay the remaining balance of a mortgage in substantially equal installments over the remaining term of the mortgage at the current interest rate. Step up leaseA lease in which the rental amount paid by the lessee increases by a preset rate at predetermined intervals. Step-Rate MortgageA mortgage that allows for the interest rate to increase according to a specified schedule (i.e., seven years), resulting in increased payments as well. At the end of the specified period, the rate and payments will remain constant for the remainder of the loan. StudVertical timber in a wall. SubcontractorA contractor that a contractor hires. If you hire a contractor to remodel your kitchen, for instance, he might hire a plumber as a subcontractor to add new pipes for a dishwasher. SubdividingSeparation of a parcel of land into smaller parcels. SubdivisionA housing development that is created by dividing a tract of land into individual lots for sale or lease. Subject propertyThe property under analysis or appraisal. Subject-to purchaseWhen one purchases subject to a mortgage, the purchaser agrees to make the monthly mortgage payments on an existing mortgage, but the original mortgagor remains personally liable if the purchaser fails to make the monthl y payments. Since the original mortgagor remains liable in the event of default, the mortgagee's consent is not required to a sale subject to a mortgage. Both "Assumption of Mortgage" and "Purchasing Subject to a Mortgage" are used to finance the sale of property. They may also be used when a mortgagor is in financial difficulty and desires to sell the property to avoid foreclosure. SubleaseThe transfer of a legal interest in leased premises by a tenant to another person that is less than the tenant's leasehold interest. SubordinateTo make a mortgage subservient to another mortgage. Subordinate FinancingAny mortgage or other lien that has a priority that is lower than that of the first mortgage. Subsidized Second MortgageAn alternative financing option known as the Community Seconds mortgage for low- and moderate-income households. An investor purchases a first mortgage that has a subsidized second mortgage behind it. The second mortgage may be issued by a state, county, or local housing agency, foundation, or nonprofit corporation. Payment on the second mortgage is often deferred and carries a very low interest rate (or no interest rate). Part of the debt may be forgiven incrementally for each year the buyer remains in the home. SubsidyGenerally, a payment or benefit made where the benefit exceeds the cost to the beneficiary. (GAO) HUDCAPS Core Financial System Standard Accounting Interface, dated 9/30/97 Supportive Housing Program (SHP)The Supportive Housing Program promotes the development of supportive housing and supportive services, including innovative approaches that assist homeless persons in the transition from homelessness and enable them to live as independently as possible. SHP funds may be used to provide transitional housing, permanent housing for persons with disabilities, innovative supportive housing, supportive services, or safe havens for the homeless. HUDWEB, Continuum of Care and Veterans Programs Glossary SurrenderReconveyance of property or lease to mortgagee or landlord. SurveyA drawing or map showing the precise legal boundaries of a property, the location of improvements, easements, rights of way, encroachments, and other physical features. Your lender may require you to have a survey of the property performed. This process confirms that the property's boundaries are correctly described in the purchase and sale agreement. Also called a plot plan, the survey may show a neighbor's fence is located on the seller's property or more serious violations may be discovered. These violations must be addressed before the lender will proceed. The buyer usually pays to have the survey done, but some cost savings may be found by requesting an "update" from the company that previously surveyed the property. SurveyorA professional who checks the boundaries of a property. Sweat EquityContribution to the construction or rehabilitation of a property in the form of labor or services rather than cash. Takeout commitmentPromise by a lender to provide a permanent loan to pay off a construction loan. TaxAn enforced charge imposed on persons, property or income, to be used to support the State. The governing body in turn utilizes the funds in the best interest of the general public. Tax assessorA government employee who determines a property value for tax purposes. Tax creditAllowable reduction in the amount of income tax owed. Tax deferred exchangeTrade of like-kind property that does not trigger recognition of taxable gain at the time of the exchange. Tax lienA charge against property that makes it security for unpaid taxes. Taxes and InsuranceA commonly used term in real estate is PITI. This abbreviation stands for principal, interest, taxes and insurance. The tax and insurance components of a mortgage payment are generally held by the lender in an escrow account. The lender pays any property tax and homeowner's insurance bills as they are due, ensuring they are paid on time. A home buyer's monthly mortgage payment generally covers expenses through the escrow account. If you don't have your homeowner's insurance and property taxes paid out of a lender escrow account, your local government and your property insurance company will send payment notices directly to you. It is your responsibility to make sure you pay these bills on time. If you're planning to purchase a condominium or cooperative, talk to your lender about how they view condo and co-op fees. Most likely, they are considered housing costs and not a part of PITI. However, this can vary from lender to lender. Tenancy by entiretyA type of joint ownership of property that provides right of survivorship and is available only to a husband and wife. Tenancy by the EntiretyA type of joint tenancy of property that provides right of survivorship and is available only to a husband and wife. Contrast with tenancy in common. Tenancy in CommonA type of joint tenancy in a property without right of survivorship. Contrast with tenancy by the entirety and with joint tenacy. Tenant improvementsA lease provision that obligates the owner to incur a prespecified dollar. Allowance amount to prepare the space for the tenant's occupancy. Tenant-StockholderThe obligee for a cooperative share loan, who is both a stockholder in a cooperative corporation and a tenant of the unit under a proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. TermThe length of time in which a loan is to be repaid. A 30-year mortgage loan has a 30 year term. Term loanA loan having the entire principal due at maturity. Termite InspectionHomes in many parts of the country must be inspected for termites before they can be sold. You should receive a certificate from a termite inspection firm stating that the property is free of both visible termite infestation and termite damage. The cost of the termite inspection is usually paid by the seller, and the seller's real estate sales professional orders the inspection. You need to make sure that the original certificate is delivered to your lender at least three days before closing. This allows the lender to review the certificate and address any potential problems. TermsAll conditions placed on a loan, including the interest rate, any finance charges, and the length of the loan. Third-Party OriginationA process by which a lender uses another party to completely or partially originate, process, underwrite, close, fund, or package the mortgages it plans to deliver to the secondary mortgage market. (see also "Mortgage Broker") Three/two (3/2) optionAn alternative financing plan that enables households whose earnings are no more than 115 percent of the median income in their regional area to make a 3 percent down payment with their own funds, coupled with a 2 per cent gift from a relative or a 2 percent grant or unsecured loan from a nonprofit or state or local government program. ThriftsThrifts are depository institutions that primarily serve consumers and include both savings banks and savings and loan (S&L;) institutions. These institutions originate and service mortgage loans. A thrift may choose to hold a loan in its own portfolio or sell the loan to an investor. Time value of moneyRelation of value at one time to value at another through discounting or compounding at a certain interest rate. Time Value Of Money (TVM)An economic principle recognizing that a dollar today has greater value than a dollar in the future because of its earning power. TitleA legal document evidencing a person's right to or ownership of a property. Title CompanyA company that specializes in examining and insuring titles to real estate. Title InsuranceInsurance that protects the lender (lender's policy) or the buyer (owner's policy) against loss arising from disputes over ownership of a property. Your lender will require that you buy title insurance to ensure that you are receiving a "marketable title." There are two types of title insurance policies:

Lender's policy (mandatory): This protects the lender should a flaw in the title be detected after the property has been purchased.

Owner's policy (optional, but recommended): This protects you should a flaw in the title be detected after the property has been purchased.

Generally, the buyer pays the cost of both policies. Check with your insurer, because you may receive a price break if you seek a combined lender/owner policy or if you purchase a "reissue" policy from the company that previously insured the title. Title searchA check of the title records to ensure that the seller is the legal owner of the property and that there are no liens or other claims outstanding. Title search or examinationA check of the title records, generally at the local courthouse, to make sure the buyer is purchasing a house from the legal owner and there are no liens, overdue special assessments, or other claims or outstandi ng restrictive convenants filed in the record, which would adversely affect the marketability or value of title. TopographyThe nature of the surface of land, such as level, rolling, and so forth. Total Expense RatioTotal obligations as a percentage of gross monthly income. The total expense ratio includes monthly housing expenses plus other monthly debts. Total monthly debtThe total amount of credit card, car loan, and other debt payments a person must pay each month. Used to figure out debt-to-income ratios. Total monthly incomeThe amount of money that comes into a household every month from a job or jobs, interest or dividends, alimony, disability payments, and public assistance. A lender uses the total monthly income figure to decide how muc h house payment a loan applicant can afford. Also called gross monthly income. TownhouseA townhouse is similar to a condominium in that it's a type of joint real estate where each housing unit is individually owned. However, it has two or more stories, rather than the typical one floor found in a condominium. Townhouses are available in many shapes and sizes, and most may have yards or common spaces that can be used by the owners. TractAn area of land. Trade EquityEquity that results from a property purchaser giving his or her existing property (or an asset other than real estate) as trade as all or part of the down payment for the property that is being purchased. Trade fixtureAn item of personal property attached to leased premises by a tenant for purposes of use in his trade or business. Transfer of OwnershipAny means by which the ownership of a property changes hands. Lenders consider all of the following situations to be a transfer of ownership: the purchase of a property "subject to" the mortgage, the assumption of the mortgage debt by the property purchaser, and any exchange of possession of the property under a land sales contract or any other land trust device. In cases in which an inter vivos revocable trust is the borrower, lenders also consider any transfer of a beneficial interest in the trust to be a transfer of ownership. 

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